The neutralizing antibodies targeting the HIV-1 envelope protein have been a major focus for HIV therapy. Early studies with anti-HIV-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) administered to infected individuals showed some promise, as they resulted in transient reductions in plasma viremia in some recipients. However, resistant viral variants rapidly emerged. A major development during the past 6 to 7 years has been the isolation and characterization of highly potent and broadly neutralizing mAbs (bNAbs) from infected individuals known as “elite neutralizers.” These “next-generation” bNAbs have been tested in animal model systems and shown to effectively control virus replication, particularly following combination immunotherapy. The success of these preclinical animal studies has led to human clinical trials using an individual bNAb for therapy. This review examines recent findings from animal models and human clinical trials and discusses the future use of bNAbs for HIV-1 treatment.

靶向HIV-1包膜蛋白的中和抗体已成为HIV治疗的主要焦点。早期对受感染个体使用抗HIV-1中和性单克隆抗体（mAb）的研究显示出了一定的希望，因为它们可导致某些接受者的血浆病毒血症暂时降低。然而，抗性病毒变体迅速出现。在过去的6至7年中，一项重大发展是从被称为“精英中和剂”的受感染个体中分离并鉴定了高效且广泛中和的mAb（bNAb）。这些“下一代” bNAb已在动物模型系统中进行了测试，显示可有效控制病毒复制，尤其是在联合免疫治疗后。这些临床前动物研究的成功导致了使用单独的bNAb进行治疗的人类临床试验。这篇综述检查了动物模型和人类临床试验的最新发现，并讨论了bNAb在HIV-1治疗中的未来用途。