Developmental dyslexia (decoding-based reading disorder; RD) is a complex trait with multifactorial origins at the genetic, neural, and cognitive levels. There is evidence that low-level sensory-processing deficits precede and underlie phonological problems, which are one of the best-documented aspects of RD. RD is also associated with impairments in integrating visual symbols with their corresponding speech sounds. Although causal relationships between sensory processing, print-speech integration, and fluent reading, and their neural bases are debated, these processes all require precise timing mechanisms across distributed brain networks. Neural excitability and neural noise are fundamental to these timing mechanisms. Here, we propose that neural noise stemming from increased neural excitability in cortical networks implicated in reading is one key distal contributor to RD.

中文翻译：

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发育性阅读障碍的神经噪声假说

发育性阅读障碍（基于解码的阅读障碍；RD）是一种复杂的特征，在遗传、神经和认知层面具有多因素起源。有证据表明，低水平的感觉处理缺陷先于音系问题，也是音系问题的基础，这是 RD 有据可查的方面之一。RD 还与视觉符号与其相应语音的整合障碍有关。尽管感官处理、印刷语音整合和流畅阅读之间的因果关系及其神经基础存在争议，但这些过程都需要跨分布式大脑网络的精确计时机制。神经兴奋性和神经噪声是这些计时机制的基础。这里，