In general, the detection of F and other halogens is challenging through conventional techniques. In this paper, various approaches for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of F using the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique were demonstrated. In LIBS, fluorine detection can be realized by means of atomic lines and molecular bands. For the purposes of our experiment, two sets of pellets with various contents of CaF₂, CaCO₃ and cellulose were analyzed using a lab-based LIBS system under a He atmosphere. The fluorine atomic line at 685.60 nm was correlated with CaF signals proving their close relationship. Consequently, the limits of detection were determined for both analytical signals. Moreover, conditions necessary for the quantification of F via CaF band signals were estimated. The dependence of the CaF signal on the varying ratio of Ca and F contents was investigated. Finally, a chip of a real CaF₂ crystal was prepared and its surface was mapped with Raman and LIBS systems. The obtained elemental and molecular maps showed good numerical correlations. Thus, the yielded results validated the possibility to substitute the fluorine atomic line by non-conventional CaF molecular bands in the qualitative and quantitative LIBS analysis of fluorine.

中文翻译：

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使用激光诱导击穿光谱和拉曼光谱检测氟

通常，通过常规技术检测F和其他卤素具有挑战性。在本文中，展示了使用激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）技术对F进行定性和定量分析的各种方法。在LIBS中，可以通过原子线和分子带实现氟的检测。为了我们的实验目的，使用基于实验室的LIBS系统在He气氛下分析了两组CaF ₂，CaCO ₃和纤维素含量不同的颗粒。685.60 nm处的氟原子线与CaF信号相关，证明了它们的密切关系。因此，确定了两种分析信号的检出限。此外，通过估计了CaF频段信号。研究了CaF信号对Ca和F含量变化比的依赖性。最后，制备了真正的CaF ₂晶体芯片，并用拉曼和LIBS系统绘制了其表面图。所获得的元素图谱和分子图谱显示出良好的数值相关性。因此，所得结果证实了在氟的定性和定量LIBS分析中，可以用非常规的CaF分子带代替氟原子线。