Perovskite/Si tandem solar cells have the potential to considerably out-perform conventional solar cells. Under standard test conditions, perovskite/Si tandem solar cells already outperform the Si single junction. Under realistic conditions, however, as we show, tandem solar cells made from current record cells are hardly more efficient than the Si cell alone. We model the performance of realistic perovskite/Si tandem solar cells under real-world climate conditions, by incorporating parasitic cell resistances, nonradiative recombination, and optical losses into the detailed-balance limit. We show quantitatively that when optimizing these parameters in the perovskite top cell, perovskite/Si tandem solar cells could reach efficiencies above 38% under realistic conditions, even while leaving the Si cell untouched. Despite the rapid efficiency increase of perovskite solar cells, our results emphasize the need for further material development, careful device design, and light management strategies, all necessary for highly efficient perovskite/Si tandem solar cells.

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在实际操作条件下模拟钙钛矿/硅串联太阳能电池的性能局限性和前景

钙钛矿/硅串联太阳能电池有可能大大超越常规太阳能电池。在标准测试条件下，钙钛矿/硅串联太阳能电池已经优于硅单结。但是，正如我们所展示的，在现实条件下，由当前记录电池制成的串联太阳能电池几乎不比单独的Si电池更有效。通过将寄生电池电阻，非辐射复合和光损耗纳入详细的平衡极限，我们在现实气候条件下模拟了实际钙钛矿/硅串联太阳能电池的性能。我们定量显示，当优化钙钛矿顶部电池中的这些参数时，即使在不影响Si电池的情况下，在实际条件下钙钛矿/ Si串联太阳能电池的效率也可以达到38％以上。