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Object segmentation controls image reconstruction from natural scenes
PLOS Biology ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-08-21 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002611
Peter Neri

The structure of the physical world projects images onto our eyes. However, those images are often poorly representative of environmental structure: well-defined boundaries within the eye may correspond to irrelevant features of the physical world, while critical features of the physical world may be nearly invisible at the retinal projection. The challenge for the visual cortex is to sort these two types of features according to their utility in ultimately reconstructing percepts and interpreting the constituents of the scene. We describe a novel paradigm that enabled us to selectively evaluate the relative role played by these two feature classes in signal reconstruction from corrupted images. Our measurements demonstrate that this process is quickly dominated by the inferred structure of the environment, and only minimally controlled by variations of raw image content. The inferential mechanism is spatially global and its impact on early visual cortex is fast. Furthermore, it retunes local visual processing for more efficient feature extraction without altering the intrinsic transduction noise. The basic properties of this process can be partially captured by a combination of small-scale circuit models and large-scale network architectures. Taken together, our results challenge compartmentalized notions of bottom-up/top-down perception and suggest instead that these two modes are best viewed as an integrated perceptual mechanism.



中文翻译:

对象分割控制自然场景中的图像重建

物理世界的结构将图像投射到我们的眼睛上。但是,这些图像通常不能很好地表示环境结构:眼睛内部定义明确的边界可能对应于物理世界的不相关特征,而物理世界的关键特征在视网膜投影处可能几乎看不见。视觉皮层面临的挑战是根据它们在最终重建感知和解释场景组成方面的效用,对这两种类型的特征进行分类。我们描述了一种新颖的范例,该范例使我们能够选择性地评估这两个特征类在从损坏的图像进行信号重建中所扮演的相对角色。我们的测量结果表明,此过程很快被环境的推断结构所支配,并且只能通过原始图像内容的变化进行最小程度的控制。推理机制在空间上是全局的,并且对早期视觉皮层的影响很快。此外,它可以重新调整局部视觉处理,以更有效地进行特征提取,而无需更改固有的转导噪声。小型电路模型和大型网络体系结构的组合可以部分捕获此过程的基本属性。综上所述,我们的研究结果挑战了自下而上/自上而下的感知的分隔概念,并建议这两种模式最好被视为一种综合的感知机制。它重新调整了局部视觉处理,以更有效地进行特征提取,而不会改变固有的转导噪声。小型电路模型和大型网络体系结构的组合可以部分捕获此过程的基本属性。综上所述,我们的研究结果挑战了自下而上/自上而下的感知的分隔概念,并建议这两种模式最好被视为一种综合的感知机制。它重新调整了局部视觉处理,以更有效地进行特征提取,而不会改变固有的转导噪声。小型电路模型和大型网络体系结构的组合可以部分捕获此过程的基本属性。综上所述,我们的研究结果挑战了自下而上/自上而下的感知的分隔概念,并建议这两种模式最好被视为一种综合的感知机制。

更新日期:2017-08-22
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