The increasing availability of sophisticated methods to characterize human genetic variation has enabled pharmacogenetic data to be used not only to predict responses to treatment (in the context of so-called personalized medicine), but also to identify patients at high or low risk of specific treatment-related adverse effects. Over the past two decades, extensive attempts have been made to understand the genetic basis of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN), one of the most severe non-haematological adverse effects of cancer treatment. Despite substantial efforts, however, the identification of a genetic profile that can detect patients at high risk of CIPN still represents an unmet need, as the information obtained from pharmacogenetic studies published so far is inconsistent at best. Among the reasons for these inconsistencies, methodological flaws and the poor reliability of existing tools for assessing CIPN features and severity are particularly relevant. This Review provides a critical update of the pharmacogenetics of CIPN, focusing on the studies published since 2011. Strategies for improving the reliability of future pharmacogenetic studies of CIPN are also discussed.

表征人类遗传变异的复杂方法越来越多，这使得药理学数据不仅可以用于预测对治疗的反应（在所谓的个性化医学的背景下），而且可以用于识别处于特定治疗高风险或低风险的患者相关的不良反应。在过去的二十年中，人们进行了广泛的尝试来了解化学疗法诱发的周围神经毒性（CIPN）的遗传基础，CIPN是癌症治疗中最严重的非血液学不良反应之一。然而，尽管付出了巨大的努力，但是可以从CIPN高危患者中检测出遗传特征的鉴定仍未得到满足，因为从迄今为止发表的药物遗传学研究中获得的信息充其量是矛盾的。在这些不一致的原因中，方法上的缺陷和现有用于评估CIPN功能和严重性的工具的可靠性差尤其重要。这篇综述提供了CIPN药物遗传学的重要更新，重点是自2011年以来发表的研究。还讨论了提高CIPN未来药物遗传学研究可靠性的策略。