Plant hormones are a group of naturally occurring, low-abundance organic compounds that influence physiological processes in plants. Our knowledge of the distribution profiles of phytohormones in plant organs, tissues, and cells is still incomplete, but advances in mass spectrometry have enabled significant progress in tissue- and cell-type-specific analyses of phytohormones over the last decade. Mass spectrometry is able to simultaneously identify and quantify hormones and their related substances. Biosensors, on the other hand, offer continuous monitoring; can visualize local distributions and real-time quantification; and, in the case of genetically encoded biosensors, are noninvasive. Thus, biosensors offer additional, complementary technologies for determining temporal and spatial changes in phytohormone concentrations. In this review, we focus on recent advances in mass spectrometry-based quantification, describe monitoring systems based on biosensors, and discuss validations of the various methods before looking ahead at future developments for both approaches.

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放大植物激素分析：组织和细胞特异性方法

植物激素是一组影响植物生理过程的天然存在的低丰度有机化合物。我们对植物器官、组织和细胞中植物激素分布图的了解仍然不完整，但质谱技术的进步在过去十年中使植物激素的组织和细胞类型特异性分析取得了重大进展。质谱法能够同时识别和量化激素及其相关物质。另一方面，生物传感器提供持续监测；可以可视化局部分布和实时量化；并且，在基因编码的生物传感器的情况下，是非侵入性的。因此，生物传感器提供了额外的、互补的技术来确定植物激素浓度的时间和空间变化。在这次审查中，