Plants have evolved a family of unique membrane receptor kinases to orchestrate the growth and development of their cells, tissues, and organs. Receptor kinases also form the first line of defense of the plant immune system and allow plants to engage in symbiotic interactions. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding, at the molecular level, how receptor kinases with lysin-motif or leucine-rich-repeat ectodomains have evolved to sense a broad spectrum of ligands. We summarize and compare the established receptor activation mechanisms for plant receptor kinases and dissect how ligand binding at the cell surface leads to activation of cytoplasmic signaling cascades. Our review highlights that one family of plant membrane receptors has diversified structurally to fulfill very different signaling tasks.

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受体激酶的配体感知和信号激活的结构基础

植物已经进化出一系列独特的膜受体激酶来协调其细胞、组织和器官的生长和发育。受体激酶还构成植物免疫系统的第一道防线，并使植物参与共生相互作用。在这里，我们讨论了在分子水平上理解具有溶素基序或富含亮氨酸的重复胞外域的受体激酶如何进化以感知广泛的配体的最新进展。我们总结并比较了植物受体激酶已建立的受体激活机制，并剖析了细胞表面的配体结合如何导致细胞质信号级联的激活。我们的评论强调了一个植物膜受体家族在结构上多样化以完成非常不同的信号任务。