Fruit has evolved myriad forms that facilitate seed dispersal in varied environmental and ecological contexts. Because fleshy fruits become attractive and nutritious to seed-dispersing animals, the transition from unripe to ripe fruit represents a dramatic shift in survival strategy-from protecting unripe fruit against damaging animals to making it appealing to those same animals once ripened. For optimal fitness, ripening therefore must be tightly controlled and coordinated with seed development. Fruits, like many vegetative tissues of plants that contribute to human diets, are also subject to decay, which is enhanced as a consequence of the ripening transition. As such, ripening control has enormous relevance for both plant biology and food security. Here, we review the complex interactions of hormones and transcription factors during fleshy-fruit ripening, with an emphasis on the recent discovery that epigenome dynamics are a critical and early regulator of the cascade of molecular events that ultimately contribute to fruit maturation and ripening.

中文翻译：

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果实成熟的表观基因组和转录动力学

水果已经进化出无数形式，促进种子在不同环境和生态环境中的传播。由于肉质果实对散播种子的动物具有吸引力和营养价值，因此从未成熟果实到成熟果实的转变代表了生存策略的巨大转变——从保护未成熟果实免受伤害动物到使其成熟后对同样的动物具有吸引力。因此，为了获得最佳适应度，必须严格控制成熟并与种子发育相协调。水果，就像许多对人类饮食有贡献的植物营养组织一样，也容易腐烂，由于成熟过渡而加剧。因此，成熟控制与植物生物学和食品安全都具有巨大的相关性。这里，