Nanoparticles (NPs) often play significant roles in dictating the transport, distribution, bioavailability and toxicity of contaminants in the environment. Incidental NPs (i.e. NPs of anthropogenic origin but not purposely engineered) are often overlooked in contaminant transport and fate studies; yet in many systems they dominate contaminant transport processes. Using surficial contaminated regosols from Trail, British Columbia, Canada, a metal smelting and refining area along the banks of the Columbia River, we show that sequestration of Pb-, Zn-, Sb-, and As-bearing incidental NPs is strongly influenced by their aggregation, crystal growth, and/or particle attachment to mineral surface coatings (MSC) and in mineralized organic matter (MOM). Transmission electron microscopy shows the occurrence of NPs of anglesite (PbSO₄), Fe–As-phosphate, kintoreite (Pb[(Fe,Al)₃(P(As)O₄)(PO₃(OH))(OH)₆]), and franklinite (ZnFe₂O₄) in matrices of amorphous silica which retain different stages of their agglomeration and aggregation. Other identified nano-size phases in the MSC and MOM indicate a complex and previously unrecognized mineralogy of Pb-, Zn-, Sb-, and As-phase in surficial soils. Mineralogical complexity and the various sequestration processes observed in this study indicate a new dimension of nano-scale processes on mineral surfaces and organic matter that have been previously overlooked when studying the fate of contaminants with bulk-analytical tools such as micro-X-ray diffraction or synchrotron-based spectroscopic methods.

中文翻译：

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土壤中矿物表面被覆层和矿化有机质的螯合Pb-Zn-Sb-和As附带的纳米颗粒

纳米颗粒（NPs）通常在决定环境中污染物的运输，分布，生物利用度和毒性方面起着重要作用。偶然的NP（即在污染源运输和命运研究中，人为起源的NP（但不是经过专门设计的）通常被忽略；然而，在许多系统中，它们主导着污染物的运输过程。使用来自加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省特洛尔市，哥伦比亚河沿岸的一个金属冶炼和精炼区的表面受污染的雷古溶胶，我们发现，Pb，Zn，Sb和As附带的NP的固存受到以下方面的强烈影响：它们的聚集，晶体生长和/或颗粒附着在矿物表面涂层（MSC）和矿化有机质（MOM）中。透射电子显微镜显示角位点（PbSO ₄），磷酸铁-砷，丝光沸石（Pb [（Fe，Al）₃（P（As）O ₄）（PO ₃（OH））（OH）₆]）和在无定形二氧化硅基质中的富兰克林石（ZnFe ₂ O ₄），它们保留了不同的团聚和聚集阶段。MSC和MOM中其他确定的纳米级相表明表层土壤中Pb-，Zn-，Sb-和As相的复杂且以前无法识别的矿物学。矿物学的复杂性和在本研究中观察到的各种螯合过程表明了矿物表面和有机物质上纳米尺度过程的一个新维度，而以前使用体积分析工具（例如微X射线衍射）研究污染物的归宿时却忽略了这一过程。或基于同步加速器的光谱方法。