Although a normal member of the gastrointestinal and vaginal microbiota, group B Streptococcus (GBS) can also occasionally be the cause of highly invasive neonatal disease and is an emerging pathogen in both elderly and immunocompromised adults. Neonatal GBS infections are typically transmitted from mother to baby either in utero or during passage through the birth canal and can lead to pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis within the first few months of life. Compared to the adult immune system, the neonatal immune system has a number of deficiencies, making neonates more susceptible to infection. Recognition of GBS by the host immune system triggers an inflammatory response to clear the pathogen. However, GBS has developed several mechanisms to evade the host immune response. A comprehensive understanding of this interplay between GBS and the host immune system will aid in the development of new preventative measures and therapeutics.

中文翻译：

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内在成熟的新生儿免疫缺陷和对B组链球菌感染的易感性

尽管B组链球菌（GBS）虽然是胃肠道和阴道微生物区系的正常成员，但偶尔也可能是高度侵入性新生儿疾病的病因，并且在老年人和免疫功能低下的成年人中都是新兴的病原体。新生儿GBS感染通常在子宫内由母亲传播给婴儿或在通过产道的过程中，可能在生命的最初几个月内导致肺炎，败血症和脑膜炎。与成人免疫系统相比，新生儿免疫系统有许多缺陷，使新生儿更容易受到感染。宿主免疫系统对GBS的识别会触发炎症反应以清除病原体。但是，GBS已开发出几种机制来逃避宿主的免疫反应。全面了解GBS与宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用将有助于开发新的预防措施和治疗方法。