The need for detecting and labelling environmentally and biologically important analytes has driven considerable research efforts in developing fluorescent probes. During the sensing process, molecular motions (i.e., molecular rotations or vibrations) of a flexible fluorescent probe can be significantly altered by its embedding micro-environment or analyte, thereby leading to substantial changes in readout signals. Motion-induced change in emission (MICE) can be utilized as an effective sensing mechanism. However, in comparison to the well-understood sensing mechanisms, such as photo-induced electron transfer (PET), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and disaggregation-induced emission (DIE), MICE has not been systematically discussed to date. In this tutorial review, we will summarize the concept and mechanisms of MICE for developing single-molecular fluorescent probes, present unique advantages of MICE based sensors, demonstrate their various applications, and discuss technical challenges in this field. We expect that this review will promote a deeper understanding of MICE and facilitate the development of novel MICE based probes.

中文翻译：

---

运动引起的发射变化（MICE），用于开发荧光探针

对检测和标记对环境和生物学重要的分析物的需求推动了开发荧光探针的大量研究工作。在传感过程中，分子运动（即柔性荧光探针的嵌入微环境或分析物会极大地改变柔性探针的分子旋转或振动，从而导致读出信号发生实质性变化。运动引起的发射变化（MICE）可以用作有效的传感机制。但是，与众所周知的传感机制（例如光致电子转移（PET），分子内电荷转移（ICT），聚集诱导发射（AIE）和解离诱导发射（DIE））相比，MICE尚未实现迄今为止进行了系统的讨论。在本教程的复习中，我们将总结用于开发单分子荧光探针的MICE的概念和机理，展示基于MICE的传感器的独特优势，展示其各种应用，并讨论该领域的技术挑战。