Liver cancer is highly fatal, and death rates in the United States are increasing faster than for any other cancer, having doubled since the mid‐1980s. In 2017, it is estimated that the disease will account for about 41,000 new cancer cases and 29,000 cancer deaths in the United States. In this article, data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and the National Center for Health Statistics are used to provide an overview of liver cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates and trends, including data by race/ethnicity and state. The prevalence of major risk factors for liver cancer is also reported based on national survey data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Despite the improvement in liver cancer survival in recent decades, only 1 in 5 patients survives 5 years after diagnosis. There is substantial disparity in liver cancer death rates by race/ethnicity (from 5.5 per 100,000 in non‐Hispanic whites to 11.9 per 100,000 in American Indians/Alaska Natives) and state (from 3.8 per 100,000 in North Dakota to 9.6 per 100,000 in the District of Columbia) and by race/ethnicity within states. Differences in risk factor prevalence account for much of the observed variation in liver cancer rates. Thus, in contrast to the growing burden, a substantial proportion of liver cancer deaths could be averted, and existing disparities could be dramatically reduced, through the targeted application of existing knowledge in prevention, early detection, and treatment, including improvements in vaccination against hepatitis B virus, screening and treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus infections, maintaining a healthy body weight, access to high‐quality diabetes care, preventing excessive alcohol drinking, and tobacco control, at both the state and national levels. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:273–289. © 2017 American Cancer Society.

中文翻译：

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种族/民族和州在美国肝癌发生率的差异

肝癌是非常致命的，美国的死亡率增长速度超过任何其他癌症，自 1980 年代中期以来增加了一倍。2017 年，估计该疾病将导致美国约 41,000 例新癌症病例和 29,000 例癌症死亡。在本文中，来自监测、流行病学和最终结果 (SEER) 计划和国家卫生统计中心的数据用于概述肝癌的发病率、死亡率、存活率和趋势，包括按种族/民族划分的数据和状态。肝癌主要危险因素的患病率也根据疾病控制和预防中心的全国调查数据报告。尽管近几十年来肝癌生存率有所提高，但只有五分之一的患者在诊断后存活 5 年。不同种族/民族（从非西班牙裔白人的每 100,000 人中的 5.5 人到美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民的每 100,000 人中 11.9 人）和州（从北达科他州的每 100,000 人中 3.8 人到每 10 万人中 9.6 人）之间存在巨大差异哥伦比亚特区）和各州内的种族/民族。所观察到的肝癌发病率变化的大部分原因是危险因素患病率的差异。因此，与不断增加的负担相反，通过有针对性地将现有知识应用于预防、早期检测和治疗，包括改进肝炎疫苗接种，可以避免很大比例的肝癌死亡，并可以显着缩小现有的差距。 B病毒，慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染的筛查和治疗，保持健康的体重，在州和国家层面获得高质量的糖尿病护理、防止过度饮酒和烟草控制。CA Cancer J Clin 2017；67：273-289。© 2017 美国癌症协会。