Therapeutic cancer prevention is a developing area that can gain a lot from the successes in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Although weight control and physical activity are important in the prevention of both diseases, several other preventive measures exist. Low-dose aspirin for cancer prevention is often cited as the most important approach in terms of population benefit, and should be offered to those older than 50 years of age without hypertension or risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding. Universal vaccination against the human papillomavirus, ideally with the nine-valent vaccine, also offers substantial benefits for the whole population if given before infection occurs (ie, typically at age 12-14 years). Other therapies, such as anti-oestrogen drugs for breast cancer prevention, should be targeted to high-risk groups to maintain a favourable benefit-risk ratio. Better algorithms for identification and improved platforms to reach these groups, such as during a screening visit, remain a key priority to allow existing knowledge to inform public health. Many other promising compounds have been identified, often as components of food, but results suggesting increased disease incidence with β carotene and vitamin E administration indicate that such treatments need rigorous evaluation before acceptance.

中文翻译：

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预防性治疗癌症。

预防性治疗癌症是一个发展中的领域，可以从预防心血管疾病的成功中获得很多收益。尽管控制体重和体育锻炼对预防这两种疾病都很重要，但还有其他几种预防措施。就人群利益而言，低剂量阿司匹林预防癌症通常被认为是最重要的方法，应向年龄在50岁以上且无高血压或胃肠道出血危险因素的人使用。如果在感染发生之前（即通常在12至14岁之间）进行疫苗接种，那么理想情况下，使用9价疫苗对人乳头瘤病毒进行普遍接种也可为整个人群带来巨大的好处。其他疗法，例如用于预防乳腺癌的抗雌激素药物，应针对高风险人群，以维持有利的利益风险比率。更好的识别算法和改进的平台（例如在筛选访问期间）可以覆盖这些人群，仍然是使现有知识为公众健康服务的关键优先事项。已经鉴定出许多其他有前途的化合物，通常作为食物的组成部分，但结果表明，β-胡萝卜素和维生素E的使用增加了疾病的发病率，表明此类治疗在接受之前需要进行严格的评估。