Synthetic micro- and nanomotors (MNMs) have emerged as a vibrant research field in multidisciplinary nanotechnology with proof-of-concept applications in various disciplines. In this tutorial review, an overview of the latest achievements towards light-driven MNMs is given and their propulsion mechanisms are introduced. The focus of the paper is on the autonomously propelled MNMs that exploit light-induced physical effects or chemical reactions. Light-induced body deformation, as a completely different, nature inspired concept that is found mostly in soft, polymeric MNMs, is also reviewed. In the end, a few applications of photocatalytic and light-driven MNMs for environmental remediation are presented and their potential is critically discussed.

中文翻译：

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光驱微型和纳米电机，用于环境修复

合成的微型和纳米电动机（MNM）已成为多学科纳米技术中一个充满活力的研究领域，并在各种学科中应用了概念验证。在本教程的回顾中，概述了光驱动MNM的最新成就，并介绍了其推进机制。本文的重点是利用光诱导的物理效应或化学反应的自主推进的MNM。作为一种完全不同的，受自然启发的概念，光诱导的身体变形也得到了广泛的应用，该概念主要出现在柔软的聚合MNM中。最后，介绍了光催化和光驱动MNM在环境修复中的一些应用，并对其潜力进行了严格的讨论。