The rapidly developing technique of electrospinning has gained surging research interest since the 1990s due to its capability of yielding continuous fibers with diameters down to the nanometer scale. Despite enormous efforts devoted to explore applications of electrospun nanofibers, such as separation, catalysis, nanoelectronics, sensors, energy conversion/storage, and biomedical utilization, there are limited attempts to employ these nanofibers for reinforcement in polymer composites. Electrospun nanofibers, however, possess comprehensive advantages not typically shared by other nanoscale composite fillers/reinforcing agents, such as continuity, diverse material choice, controlled diameter/structure, possible alignment/assembly, mass production capability and so forth. Therefore electrospun nanofibers have great potential as promising reinforcement fillers for next-generation polymer composites. This is a comprehensive and state-of-the-art review of the latest advances made in development of electrospun nanofiber reinforced polymer composite materials with intention to stimulate interests in both academia and industry.

自1990年代以来，快速发展的静电纺丝技术因其能够生产直径低至纳米级的连续纤维而获得了广泛的研究兴趣。尽管致力于探索电纺纳米纤维的应用，例如分离，催化，纳米电子学，传感器，能量转换/存储和生物医学利用，付出了巨大的努力，但仍很少有尝试将这些纳米纤维用于聚合物复合材料的增强。然而，电纺纳米纤维具有其他纳米级复合填料/增强剂通常不具备的综合优势，例如连续性，多种材料选择，可控制的直径/结构，可能的排列/组装，批量生产能力等。因此，电纺纳米纤维作为下一代聚合物复合材料的有希望的增强填料具有巨大的潜力。这是对电纺纳米纤维增强聚合物复合材料开发最新进展的全面而最新的综述，旨在激发学术界和工业界的兴趣。