This study demonstrates the first example of completely food‐based edible electrochemical sensors. The new edible composite electrodes consist of food materials and supplements serving as the edible conductor, corn, and olive oils as edible binders, vegetables as biocatalysts, and food‐based packing sleeves. These edible composite electrodes are systematically characterized for their attractive electrochemical properties, such as potential window, capacitance, redox activity using various electrochemical techniques. The sensing performance of the edible carbon composite electrodes compares favorably with that of “traditional” carbon paste electrodes. Well defined voltammetric detection of catechol, uric acid, ascorbic acid, dopamine, and acetaminophen is demonstrated, including sensitive measurements in simulated saliva, gastric fluid, and intestinal fluid. Furthermore, successful biosensing applications are realized by incorporating a mushroom and horseradish vegetable tissues with edible carbon pastes for imparting biocatalytic activity toward the biosensing of phenolic and peroxide compounds. The attractive sensing performance of the new edible sensors indicates considerable promise for physiological monitoring applications and for developing edible and ingestible devices for diverse biomedical applications.

中文翻译：

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食用电化学：基于食品材料的电化学传感器

这项研究展示了完全基于食物的可食用电化学传感器的第一个示例。新型可食用复合电极由可食用导体的食品原料和补品，可食用粘合剂的玉米和橄榄油，可作为生物催化剂的蔬菜以及基于食品的包装套组成。这些可食用复合电极使用各种电化学技术对其吸引人的电化学性能（例如电势窗口，电容，氧化还原活性）进行了系统表征。可食用碳复合电极的感测性能与“传统”碳糊电极的感测性能相比具有优势。演示了对儿茶酚，尿酸，抗坏血酸，多巴胺和对乙酰氨基酚的精确伏安检测，包括在模拟唾液，胃液，和肠液。此外，成功的生物传感应用是通过将蘑菇和辣根植物组织与可食用的碳糊结合在一起而实现的，从而赋予酚类和过氧化物化合物生物传感以生物催化活性。新型可食用传感器的吸引人的感测性能表明其在生理监测应用以及开发用于各种生物医学应用的可食用和可摄取设备方面的巨大前景。