With the advent of technology, the role of nanomaterials in medicine has grown exponentially in the last few decades. The main advantage of such materials has been exploited in drug delivery applications, due to their effective targeting that in turn reduces systemic toxicity compared to the conventional routes of drug administration. Even though these materials offer broad flexibility based on targeting tissue, disease, and drug payload, the demand for more effective yet highly biocompatible nanomaterial-based drugs is increasing. While therapeutically improved and safe materials have been introduced in nanomedicine platforms, issues related to their degradation rates and bio-distribution still exist, thus making their successful translation for human use very challenging. Researchers are constantly improving upon novel nanomaterials that are safer and more effective not only as therapeutic agents but as diagnostic tools as well, making the research in the field of nanomedicine ever more fascinating. In this review stress has been made on the evolution of nanomaterials that have been approved for clinical applications by the United States Food and Drug Administration Agency (FDA).

中文翻译：

---

纳米药物输送材料的演变和临床转化

随着技术的出现，纳米材料在医学中的作用在过去几十年中呈指数级增长。此类材料的主要优点已在药物输送应用中得到利用，因为与传统的给药途径相比，它们的有效靶向性进而降低了全身毒性。尽管这些材料根据靶向组织、疾病和药物有效负载提供了广泛的灵活性，但对更有效且高度生物相容的纳米材料药物的需求正在不断增加。虽然纳米医学平台中已经引入了治疗上改进的安全材料，但与其降解率和生物分布相关的问题仍然存在，因此使其成功转化为人类使用非常具有挑战性。研究人员不断改进新型纳米材料，这些材料不仅作为治疗剂，而且作为诊断工具更安全、更有效，使得纳米医学领域的研究变得更加令人着迷。本次综述重点关注美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 批准用于临床应用的纳米材料的发展。