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Effects of preparation on nutrient and environmental contaminant levels in Arctic beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) traditional foods
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-07-19 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7em00167c
Matthew J. Binnington 1, 2, 3, 4 , Ying D. Lei 1, 2, 3, 4 , Lucky Pokiak 4, 5, 6 , James Pokiak 4, 5, 6 , Sonja K. Ostertag 4, 7, 8, 9 , Lisa L. Loseto 4, 7, 8, 9 , Hing M. Chan 4, 10, 11, 12 , Leo W. Y. Yeung 3, 4, 13, 14 , Haiyong Huang 1, 2, 3, 4 , Frank Wania 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

For Canadian Arctic indigenous populations, marine mammal (MM) traditional foods (TFs) represent sources of both important nutrients and hazardous environmental contaminants. Food preparation is known to impact the nutrient and environmental contaminant content of processed items, yet the impacts of preparation on indigenous Arctic MM TFs remain poorly characterized. In order to determine how the various processes involved in preparing beluga blubber TFs affect their levels of nutrients and environmental contaminants, we collected blubber samples from 2 male beluga whales, aged 24 and 37 years, captured during the 2014 summer hunting season in Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, and processed them according to local TF preparation methods. We measured the levels of select nutrients [selenium (Se), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)] and contaminants [organochlorine pesticides, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mercury (Hg)] in raw and prepared (boiled, roasted, aged) beluga blubber TFs. The impacts of beluga blubber TF preparation methods on nutrient and environmental contaminant levels were inconsistent, as the majority of processes either did not appear to influence concentrations or affected the two belugas differently. However, roasting and ageing beluga blubber consistently impacted certain compounds: roasting blubber increased concentrations of hydrophilic substances (Se and certain PFASs) through solvent depletion and deposited PAHs from cookfire smoke. The solid–liquid phase separation involved in ageing blubber depleted hydrophilic elements (Se, Hg) and some ionogenic PFASs from the lipid-rich liquid oil phase, while PUFA levels appeared to increase, and hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants were retained. Ageing blubber adjacent to in-use smokehouses also resulted in considerable PAH deposition to processed samples. Our findings demonstrated that contaminant concentration differences were greater between the two sets of whale samples, based on age differences, than they were within each set of whale samples, due to variable preparation methods. When considering means to minimize human contaminant exposure while maximizing nutrient intake, consumption of aged liquid from younger male whales would be preferred, based on possible PUFA enhancement and selective depletion of hydrophilic environmental contaminants in this food item.

中文翻译:

准备对北极的营养和环境污染物水平的白鲸(学名Delphinapterus leucas)的传统食物

对于加拿大北极土著居民而言,海洋哺乳动物(MM)传统食品(TF)代表着重要营养素和有害环境污染物的来源。众所周知,食物制备会影响加工食品的营养成分和环境污染物含量,但是制备对本土北极MM TF的影响仍然难以确定。为了确定制备白鲸脂TF的各种过程如何影响其养分和环境污染物的水平,我们收集了2014年夏季狩猎季节在西北图克托亚克图克采集的2只年龄分别为24岁和37岁的雄性白鲸的油脂样本领土,并根据当地的TF制备方法进行处理。我们测量了某些营养素的水平[硒(Se)原料和制备原料(煮沸,烘烤,老化)中的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和污染物[有机氯农药,全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS),多溴二苯醚,多氯联苯,多环芳烃(PAH),汞(Hg)] )beluga润滑脂TF。beluga blubber TF制备方法对养分和环境污染物水平的影响不一致,因为大多数过程似乎都不影响浓度或对两种belugas的影响不同。然而,焙烤和老化白鲸脂一直对某些化合物产生影响:焙烤脂通过溶剂消耗和炊火烟气中沉积的多环芳烃增加了亲水性物质(硒和某些PFAS)的浓度。老化的润滑脂涉及固液分离,耗尽了富含脂质的液态油相中的亲水性元素(Se,Hg)和一些离子型PFAS,而PUFA含量似乎有所增加,并且疏水性持久性有机污染物得以保留。使用中的烟熏室附近的老化的润滑脂也导致大量的PAH沉积在处理过的样品上。我们的发现表明,由于制备方法的不同,基于年龄差异的两组鲸鱼样品之间的污染物浓度差异要比每组鲸鱼样品中的污染物浓度差异更大。当考虑在最大程度地增加养分摄入量的同时最大限度地减少人体污染物暴露的方法时,应优先食用年轻幼鲸中的陈旧液体,
更新日期:2017-08-03
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