Classical methods for achieving nucleophilic substitutions of alkyl electrophiles (S_N1 and S_N2) have limited scope and are not generally amenable to enantioselective variants that employ readily available racemic electrophiles. Radical-based pathways catalyzed by chiral transition-metal complexes provide an attractive approach to addressing these limitations.

中文翻译：

---

亲核取代反应的过渡金属催化：S _N 1和S _N 2过程的自由基替代。

用于实现烷基电体（S的亲核取代经典方法_Ñ 1和S _Ñ 2）具有有限的范围和通常不适合于对映体选择性的变体雇用容易获得的外消旋的亲电子。手性过渡金属配合物催化的基于自由基的途径为解决这些局限性提供了一种有吸引力的方法。