Establishing low‐cost, high‐throughput, simple, and accurate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping techniques is beneficial for understanding the intrinsic relationship between individual genetic variations and their biological functions on a genomic scale. Here, a straightforward and reliable single‐molecule approach is demonstrated for precise SNP authentication by directly measuring the fluctuations in electrical signals in an electronic circuit, which is fabricated from a high‐gain field‐effect silicon nanowire decorated with a single hairpin DNA, in the presence of different target DNAs. By simply comparing the proportion difference of a probe‐target duplex structure throughout the process, this study implements allele‐specific and accurate SNP detection. These results are supported by the statistical analyses of different dynamic parameters such as the mean lifetime and the unwinding probability of the duplex conformation. In comparison with conventional polymerase chain reaction and optical methods, this convenient and label‐free method is complementary to existing optical methods and also shows several advantages, such as simple operation and no requirement for fluorescent labeling, thus promising a futuristic route toward the next‐generation genotyping technique.

中文翻译：

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单分子电子电路中的单核苷酸多态性基因分型

建立低成本，高通量，简单和准确的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）基因分型技术，有助于理解基因组规模上个体遗传变异与其生物学功能之间的内在联系。在这里，通过直接测量电子电路中电信号的波动来演示一种简单可靠的单分子方法，以进行精确的SNP验证，该电路是由装饰有单个发夹DNA的高增益场效应硅纳米线制成的。存在不同的靶DNA。通过简单比较整个过程中探针-靶标双链体结构的比例差异，本研究实现了等位基因特异性和精确的SNP检测。这些结果得到不同动态参数（例如平均寿命和双链构象的解链概率）的统计分析的支持。与传统的聚合酶链反应和光学方法相比，这种方便且无标记的方法是对现有光学方法的补充，并且还显示出一些优点，例如操作简单且无需荧光标记，因此有望成为通往未来的未来之路。代基因分型技术。