With the continuous upsurge in demand for energy storage, batteries are increasingly required to operate under extreme environmental conditions. Although they are at the technological forefront, Li-ion batteries have long been limited to room temperature, as internal phenomena during their operation cause thermal fluctuations. This has been the reason for many battery explosions in recent consumer products. While traditional efforts to address these issues focused on thermal management strategies, the performance and safety of Li-ion batteries at both low (<20 °C) and high (>60 °C) temperatures are inherently related to their respective components, such as electrode and electrolyte materials and the so-called solid-electrolyte interphases. This Review examines recent research that considers thermal tolerance of Li-ion batteries from a materials perspective, spanning a wide temperature spectrum (−60 °C to 150 °C). The structural stability of promising cathodes, issues with anode passivation, and the competency of various electrolyte, binder and current collectors are compared for their thermal workability. The possibilities offered by each of these cell components could extend the environmental frontiers of commercial Li-ion batteries.

随着能量存储需求的不断增长，越来越需要电池在极端环境条件下运行。锂离子电池虽然处于技术前沿，但长期以来一直限于室温，因为其运行过程中的内部现象会引起热波动。这就是最近的消费产品中许多电池爆炸的原因。尽管解决这些问题的传统努力都集中在热管理策略上，但锂离子电池在低温（<20°C）和高温（> 60°C）下的性能和安全性与它们各自的组件有着内在的关系，例如电极和电解质材料以及所谓的固体电解质中间相。这篇综述从材料的角度考察了涵盖锂离子电池热容忍度的最新研究，该研究涵盖了宽温度范围（-60°C至150°C）。比较了有希望的阴极的结构稳定性，阳极钝化的问题以及各种电解质，粘合剂和集电器的竞争力，以了解其热加工性。这些电池组件中的每一个提供的可能性都可以扩展商业锂离子电池的环境范围。