Recyclable catalysts, especially those that display selective reactivity, are vital for the development of sustainable chemical processes. Among available catalyst platforms, heterogeneous catalysts are particularly well-disposed toward separation from the reaction mixture via filtration methods, which renders them readily recyclable. Furthermore, heterogeneous catalysts offer numerous handles—some without homogeneous analogues—for performance and selectivity optimization. These handles include nanoparticle size, pore profile of porous supports, surface ligands and interface with oxide supports, and flow rate through a solid catalyst bed. Despite these available handles, however, conventional heterogeneous catalysts are themselves often structurally heterogeneous compared to homogeneous catalysts, which complicates efforts to optimize and expand the scope of their reactivity and selectivity.

中文翻译：

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受支持的树枝状聚合物包封的金属簇：趋于异构均相催化剂

可循环使用的催化剂，特别是那些表现出选择性反应性的催化剂，对可持续化学过程的发展至关重要。在可用的催化剂平台中，非均相催化剂特别易于通过过滤方法从反应混合物中分离，这使其易于回收。此外，非均相催化剂为性能和选择性优化提供了多种处理方式（有些没有均相类似物）。这些处理方法包括纳米颗粒尺寸，多孔载体的孔分布，表面配体和与氧化物载体的界面，以及通过固体催化剂床的流速。尽管有这些可用的处理方法，但是与均相催化剂相比，常规的多相催化剂本身通常在结构上是多相的，