This manuscript presents a critical discussion of the methods and techniques proposed for determining the sequence of crossing ink lines and their advantages, limitations and effectiveness are compared. Some trends are described, such as examination of physical features using optical and electron microscopy in the 60’s and 70’s, the use of the lifting technique in the 80’s and the ESDA in the 90’s. The year 2000 introduced chemical analysis with IR and Raman spectroscopy and also surface analysis with 3D laser Profilometry, for more objective examinations. The last decade has seen the application of the VSC and hyperspectral imaging, combined with chemometrics for automated, more informative and representative examinations. Nevertheless, interpretations remain visual and blind testing can be used for method validation. Some studies addressed some of the factors affecting the crossing of two ink lines are addressed but much of the physicochemical aspects remain uncomprehended and understudied.

中文翻译：

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跨墨线的法医调查的批判性回顾和趋势

该手稿对确定交叉墨线顺序的方法和技术进行了严格的讨论，并对它们的优点，局限性和有效性进行了比较。描述了一些趋势，例如在60年代和70年代使用光学和电子显微镜检查物理特征，在80年代使用举升技术和在90年代使用ESDA。2000年，为了进行更客观的检查，引入了用红外光谱和拉曼光谱进行化学分析以及3D激光轮廓分析法进行表面分析的方法。在过去的十年中，VSC和高光谱成像技术与化学计量学相结合，可用于自动化，信息量更大且更具代表性的检查。尽管如此，解释仍然是可视的，盲测可用于方法验证。