During the past decade, neural interfaces have attracted great interest due to their potential of body-machine communication for disease diagnosis and therapy. Considering the significant material mismatch between the electrode implants and the native tissue, a thin coating is employed on the electrode sites as an intermediate layer to bridge the material differences and has been proved to play an important role in the promotion of neural cell attachment and signal transmission. Micro- and nanostructured coating materials, together with surface functionalization such as biological cues, provide not only high surface areas for signal transduction but also a biomimetic platform for the cells. In this paper, we review the performance of different kinds of micro- and nanostructured coating materials including metallic materials, carbon materials, conducting polymeric materials and composite materials and then complement the discussion with the influence of the fabrication process on the performance of the coatings. The coating could be functionalized by various advanced techniques, which are also reviewed. The existing challenge and future research directions of electrode coatings are briefly discussed at the end of the review.

中文翻译：

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通过微和纳米结构涂层设计的神经界面

在过去的十年中，神经接口由于其在疾病诊断和治疗中的机机通信潜力而引起了人们的极大兴趣。考虑到电极植入物和天然组织之间的显着材料不匹配，在电极部位上使用薄涂层作为中间层以弥合材料差异，并且已被证明在促进神经细胞附着和信号中起重要作用传播。微结构和纳米结构涂层材料以及诸如生物学线索之类的表面功能化，不仅为信号转导提供了高表面积，而且为细胞提供了仿生平台。在本文中，我们将对不同种类的微米和纳米结构涂层材料的性能进行回顾，包括金属材料，碳材料，导电聚合物材料和复合材料，然后用制造工艺对涂层性能的影响来补充讨论。可以通过各种先进技术对涂层进行功能化，并对其进行了综述。审查结束时简要讨论了电极涂层的现有挑战和未来的研究方向。