Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) are a special class of materials which nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in a polymer matrix resulting in novel materials having unique physical and chemical properties. Successful combination of different properties of the NPs with the existing properties of polymers matrix became the goal of scientists. Gel electrophoresis is a gold standard analysis tool used as a routine and important separation technique for proteomics and genomics characterization of proteins and DNA samples. Various strategies were proposed for improving the parent method performance including incorporation of nanomaterials. This review focuses on the latest applications and achievements of using PNCs as separation medium in gel electrophoresis. For each type of nanomaterials, we describe different examples. Also, we propose strategies for improving the efficiency and influence of NPs in host polymer hydrogel matrix. Further, we discuss potential directions and issues worth exploring for application of novel PNCs in gel electrophoresis.

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纳米复合聚合物水凝胶在凝胶电泳中蛋白质超灵敏荧光检测中的应用

聚合物纳米复合材料（PNC）是一类特殊的材料，纳米颗粒（NPs）分散在聚合物基质中，从而形成具有独特物理和化学性质的新型材料。NP的不同特性与聚合物基质的现有特性的成功结合成为科学家的目标。凝胶电泳是一种金标准分析工具，用作蛋白质和DNA样品的蛋白质组学和基因组学表征的常规且重要的分离技术。提出了多种改善母体方法性能的策略，包括掺入纳米材料。这篇综述着重于在凝胶电泳中使用PNCs作为分离介质的最新应用和成就。对于每种类型的纳米材料，我们描述了不同的示例。还，我们提出了提高宿主聚合物水凝胶基质中NP效率和影响的策略。此外，我们讨论了在凝胶电泳中应用新型PNC的潜在方向和值得探讨的问题。