New photovoltaic materials have been searched for in the past decades for clean and renewable solar energy conversion with an objective of reducing the levelized cost of electricity (that is, the unit price of electricity over the course of the device lifetime). An emerging family of semiconductor materials — organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) — are the focus of the photovoltaic research community owing to their use of low cost, nature-abundant raw materials, low-temperature and scalable solution fabrication processes, and, in particular, the very high power conversion efficiencies that have been achieved within the short time of their development. In this Review, we summarize and critically assess the most recent advances in understanding the physical properties of both 3D and low-dimensional OIHPs that favour a small open-circuit voltage deficit and high power conversion efficiency. Several prominent topics in this field on the unique properties of OIHPs are surveyed, including defect physics, ferroelectricity, exciton dissociation processes, carrier recombination lifetime and photon recycling. The impact of ion migration on solar cell efficiency and stability are also critically analysed. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges in the commercialization of OIHP photovoltaics.

在过去的几十年中，人们一直在寻找新的光伏材料用于清洁和可再生的太阳能转换，目的是降低平均的用电成本（即，设备使用寿命内的单位电价）。新兴的半导体材料家族-有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿（OIHPs）-由于使用了低成本，性质丰富的原材料，低温且可扩展的溶液制造工艺，因而成为光伏研究界关注的焦点。特别是在其开发的短时间内就已经实现了很高的功率转换效率。在这篇评论中，我们总结并批判性地评估了了解3D和低维OIHP物理特性的最新进展，这些物理特性有利于减小开路电压不足和高功率转换效率。研究了该领域中有关OIHPs独特性能的几个突出主题，包括缺陷物理，铁电，激子离解过程，载流子复合寿命和光子循环。还严格分析了离子迁移对太阳能电池效率和稳定性的影响。最后，我们讨论了OIHP光伏产品商业化中的剩余挑战。载流子复合寿命和光子回收。还严格分析了离子迁移对太阳能电池效率和稳定性的影响。最后，我们讨论了OIHP光伏产品商业化过程中仍然存在的挑战。载流子复合寿命和光子回收。还严格分析了离子迁移对太阳能电池效率和稳定性的影响。最后，我们讨论了OIHP光伏产品商业化中的剩余挑战。