We review current progress with respect to ultrafast, atomic-scale resolution X-ray scattering studies of materials. In the last decade, advances in sources and techniques have opened up new possibilities for probing the dynamics of how materials change in situ and in real time. These developments have enabled direct measurements of the first primary steps in how complex/functional materials transform and the flow of energy between different degrees of freedom. Unique insight into the mechanisms underlying how materials function is obtained through these studies. An outlook on future developments and new opportunities is also presented.

中文翻译：

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通过飞秒 X 射线散射技术可视化材料中的原子尺度运动

我们回顾了材料的超快、原子级分辨率 X 射线散射研究的当前进展。在过去十年中，来源和技术的进步为探索材料如何原位和实时变化的动力学开辟了新的可能性。这些发展使得能够直接测量复杂/功能材料如何转换以及不同自由度之间的能量流动的第一个主要步骤。通过这些研究获得了对材料功能机制的独特见解。还介绍了对未来发展和新机遇的展望。