Featuring size-tunable electrical and optical properties, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are appealing intensive interests in developing ingenious luminescent materials for chemosensory and biological applications. The surface modification of QDs with functional ligands not only fine-tunes the physiochemical properties and fluorescence emission behaviors, but also induces the designated interplay between analytes and probes for special determination. In this review, the fundamental principles guiding the rational design of high-efficiency luminescent sensors with surface engineering are overviewed. The state-of-the-art applications of QDs-based probes are highlighted for the sensing of molecular substrates and ionic species as well as various biological applications, with the inherent recognition mechanisms elaborated for representative cases. The challenge and future research direction in this emerging and promising research field are also discussed.

中文翻译：

---

用于化学感应和生物应用的半导体量子点的表面配体工程

半导体量子点 (QD) 具有尺寸可调的电学和光学特性，在开发用于化学感应和生物应用的巧妙发光材料方面引起了广泛的兴趣。用功能性配体对 QD 进行表面修饰不仅可以微调理化性质和荧光发射行为，还可以诱导分析物和探针之间指定的相互作用以进行特殊测定。在这篇综述中，概述了指导具有表面工程的高效发光传感器合理设计的基本原则。基于量子点的探针的最先进应用在分子底物和离子种类的传感以及各种生物应用中得到了强调，并针对代表性案例阐述了固有的识别机制。