A novel electrochromic device (ECD) based on an electroactive ambipolar system was constructed and designed through an absorption-complementary approach. The system consisted of electroactive polyamides (PAs) with N,N,N′,N′-tetraphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (TPPA) and tetraphenylbenzidine (TPB) units in the backbone and heptyl viologen (HV) in the supporting electrolyte. Each of the electrochromic materials (ECMs), including TPPA-PA, TPB-PA and HV, provided one of the three primary colors that merged into a black color. Because of the suitable counter electrode materials used in this study, the overall operating voltage was effectively reduced; thus, the electrochemical stability and lifetime of the ECD were greatly enhanced. Furthermore, the whole system was completely transparent in its neutral or bleaching state, and the transmittance was reduced to only 6% in the colored state in both the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions. The ECD demonstrated a high L* change (ΔL*) of 81 and a significant transmittance change (ΔT) of 60% in the visible region. Thus, through the excellent combination of the electrochromic and ambipolar characteristics of the system, a genuine ‘highly transparent to truly black’ ECD was successfully fabricated, implying the great potential of this device as a shutter in transparent displays and related devices.

通过吸收互补方法构建和设计了一种基于电活性双极体系的新型电致变色器件（ECD）。该系统由具有N，N，N '，N'-四苯基-p的电活性聚酰胺（PAs）组成主链中的-苯二胺（TPPA）和四苯基联苯胺（TPB）单元以及支持电解质中的庚基紫精（HV）。每种电致变色材料（ECM），包括TPPA-PA，TPB-PA和HV，都提供了三种融合为黑色的原色之一。由于本研究中使用了合适的对电极材料，因此有效降低了总工作电压。因此，ECD的电化学稳定性和寿命大大提高。此外，整个系统在中性或漂白状态下是完全透明的，并且在可见光和近红外（NIR）区域的有色状态下，透射率仅降低到6％。ECD表现出较高的L *变化（ΔL*）为81，在可见光区的透射率变化（ΔT）为60％。因此，通过系统的电致变色和双极性特性的完美结合，成功制造了真正的“高度透明至真正黑色”的ECD，这暗示了该设备作为透明显示器和相关设备中的快门的巨大潜力。