Synthetic active systems capable of autonomous motion or driving fluid flow are of great current interest owing to their potential applications in nanomachinery, cargo capture and delivery, reversible assemblies, and chemical/biochemical sensing. Designing self-powered micro/nanomotors and understanding their propulsion mechanisms and ensemble behavior are now areas of great interest in low-Reynolds-number mechanics. In this article, we classify prototypes of existing small-scale motors on the basis of the materials used in synthesis and fabrication, with the aim of understanding the importance of material selection in designing functional motors for futuristic applications.

中文翻译：

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合成微/纳米马达和泵：制造和应用

能够自主运动或驱动流体流动的合成主动系统由于其在纳米机械、货物捕获和输送、可逆组装和化学/生化传感方面的潜在应用而受到当前极大的关注。设计自供电微/纳米马达并了解它们的推进机制和整体行为现在是低雷诺数力学中非常感兴趣的领域。在本文中，我们根据合成和制造中使用的材料对现有小型电机的原型进行分类，目的是了解材料选择在为未来应用设计功能性电机中的重要性。