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The Biochemistry of O-GlcNAc Transferase: Which Functions Make It Essential in Mammalian Cells?
Annual Review of Biochemistry ( IF 16.6 ) Pub Date : 2016-06-13 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060713-035344
Zebulon G Levine 1 , Suzanne Walker 1
Affiliation  

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) is found in all metazoans and plays an important role in development but at the single-cell level is only essential in dividing mammalian cells. Postmitotic mammalian cells and cells of invertebrates such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila can survive without copies of OGT. Why OGT is required in dividing mammalian cells but not in other cells remains unknown. OGT has multiple biochemical activities. Beyond its well-known role in adding β-O-GlcNAc to serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, OGT also acts as a protease in the maturation of the cell cycle regulator host cell factor 1 (HCF-1) and serves as an integral member of several protein complexes, many of them linked to gene expression. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the mechanisms underlying OGT's biochemical activities and address whether known functions of OGT could be related to its essential role in dividing mammalian cells.

中文翻译:


O-GlcNAc 转移酶的生物化学:哪些功能使其在哺乳动物细胞中必不可少?

O-连接的N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶 (OGT) 存在于所有后生动物中,并在发育中发挥重要作用,但在单细胞水平上仅在分裂哺乳动物细胞时必不可少。有丝分裂后的哺乳动物细胞和无脊椎动物细胞,例如秀丽隐杆线虫果蝇,可以在没有 OGT 拷贝的情况下存活。为什么哺乳动物细胞分裂需要 OGT 而其他细胞不需要 OGT 仍然未知。OGT具有多种生化活性。除了其众所周知的添加β- O的作用-GlcNAc 到核和细胞质蛋白的丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基,OGT 还在细胞周期调节剂宿主细胞因子 1 (HCF-1) 的成熟过程中充当蛋白酶,并作为多种蛋白质复合物的组成部分,其中许多与基因表达有关。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前对 OGT 生化活性机制的理解,并讨论了 OGT 的已知功能是否与其在哺乳动物细胞分裂中的重要作用有关。

更新日期:2016-06-13
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