Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen and an important cause of livestock infections. The first S. aureus genomes to be published, 15 years ago, provided the first view of genome structure and gene content. Since then, thousands of genomes from a wide array of strains from different sources have been sequenced. Comparison of these sequences has resulted in broad insights into population structure, bacterial evolution, clone emergence and expansion, and the molecular basis of niche adaptation. Furthermore, this information is now being applied clinically in outbreak investigations to inform infection control measures and to determine appropriate treatment regimens. In this review, we summarize some of the broad insights into S. aureus biology gained from the analysis of genomes and discuss future directions and opportunities in this dynamic field of research.

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金黄色葡萄球菌自然种群的基因组学

金黄色葡萄球菌是人类的主要病原体，也是牲畜感染的重要原因。15年前发布的第一个金黄色葡萄球菌基因组提供了对基因组结构和基因含量的初步了解。从那时起，已经对来自不同来源的多种菌株的数千个基因组进行了测序。这些序列的比较已导致对种群结构，细菌进化，克隆的出现和扩展以及生态位适应的分子基础有广泛的见解。此外，该信息现在正在临床上用于暴发调查，以告知感染控制措施并确定适当的治疗方案。在这篇综述中，我们总结了对金黄色葡萄球菌的一些广泛见解。 生物学是从基因组分析中获得的，并讨论了这一动态研究领域的未来方向和机遇。