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(Per)chlorate in Biology on Earth and Beyond
Annual Review of Microbiology ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2016-09-08 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-102215-095406
Matthew D. Youngblut 1 , Ouwei Wang 1, 2 , Tyler P. Barnum 1, 2 , John D. Coates 1, 2
Affiliation  

Respiration of perchlorate and chlorate [collectively, (per)chlorate] was only recognized in the last 20 years, yet substantial advances have been made in our understanding of the underlying metabolisms. Although it was once considered solely anthropogenic, pervasive natural sources, both terrestrial and extraterrestrial, indicate an ancient (per)chlorate presence across our solar system. These discoveries stimulated interest in (per)chlorate microbiology, and the application of advanced approaches highlights exciting new facets. Forward and reverse genetics revealed new information regarding underlying molecular biology and associated regulatory mechanisms. Structural and functional analysis characterized core enzymes and identified novel reaction sequences. Comparative genomics elucidated evolutionary aspects, and stress analysis identified novel response mechanisms to reactive chlorine species. Finally, systems biology identified unique metabolic versatility and novel mechanisms of (per)chlorate respiration, including symbiosis and a hybrid enzymatic-abiotic metabolism. While many published studies focus on (per)chlorate and their basic metabolism, this review highlights seminal advances made over the last decade and identifies new directions and potential novel applications.

中文翻译:

地球上及以后的生物中的(高)氯酸盐

高氯酸盐和氯酸盐(统称(全)氯酸盐)的呼吸作用仅在最近20年才被认识到,但在我们对基本代谢的理解上却取得了重大进展。尽管曾经被认为是单纯的人为的,自然的自然资源,无论是陆地还是地球外的,都表明我们太阳系中存在着古老的(过)氯酸盐。这些发现激发了人们对(全)氯酸盐微生物学的兴趣,先进方法的应用突出了令人兴奋的新方面。正向和反向遗传学揭示了有关基础分子生物学和相关调控机制的新信息。结构和功能分析表征了核心酶并确定了新的反应序列。比较基因组学阐明了进化方面,应力分析确定了对活性氯物种的新型响应机制。最后,系统生物学确定了独特的代谢通用性和(全)氯酸盐呼吸的新机制,包括共生和混合酶非生物代谢。尽管许多已发表的研究都关注(全)氯酸盐及其基本代谢,但本综述着重介绍了过去十年中取得的重大进展,并确定了新的方向和潜在的新颖应用。
更新日期:2017-06-21
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