Thyroid carcinomas (TCs), the most common endocrine tumors, represent the eighth most common cancer diagnosed worldwide in both women and men. To treat these malignancies, several drugs are now available and a number of novel ones have been enrolling in clinical trials, addressing both oncogenic pathways in cancer cells and angiogenic pathways in tumor endothelial cells. However, their use is not devoid of serious toxicities and their efficacy is limited, being dependent on carcinoma typology and the occurrence of acquired resistance. Accordingly, it is time to recast therapeutic strategies against these types of tumors to get to newer and fully effective drugs. In this perspective, latest findings demonstrate that cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a challenging target to strike. They possess core traits of self‐renewal and differentiation, being resistant to the effects of chemotherapy and radiation and playing a key role in mediating metastasis. Therefore, basic molecular elements sustaining both development of thyroid cancer stem cells and their residence in the stemness condition represent a set of innovative and still unexplored targets to address. In this review, a thorough literature survey has been accomplished, to take stock of mechanisms governing thyroid carcinomas and to point out both their currently available treatments and the novel forthcoming ones. Pubmed, Scifinder and ClinicalTrials.gov were exploited as research applications and registry database, respectively. Original articles, reviews, and editorials published within the last ten years, as well as open clinical investigations in the field, were analyzed to suggest new exciting therapeutic opportunities for people affected by TCs.

中文翻译：

---

甲状腺癌的新治疗线索：靶向癌症干细胞的作用

甲状腺癌（TCs）是最常见的内分泌肿瘤，在世界范围内被诊断为男女中第八大最常见的癌症。为了治疗这些恶性肿瘤，现在有几种药物可供使用，并且许多新的药物正在临床试验中，以解决癌细胞中的致癌途径和肿瘤内皮细胞中的血管生成途径。然而，它们的使用并非没有严重的毒性，并且其功效受到限制，这取决于癌症的类型和获得性耐药的发生。因此，是时候改写针对这些类型肿瘤的治疗策略，以寻求更新和完全有效的药物了。从这个角度来看，最新发现表明，癌症干细胞（CSC）代表了具有挑战性的攻击目标。他们具有自我更新和与众不同的核心特征，对化学疗法和放射线具有抵抗力，并在介导转移中起关键作用。因此，维持甲状腺癌干细胞的发展及其在干状态下的驻留的基本分子元素代表了一组需要解决的创新且尚未探索的靶标。在这篇综述中，已经完成了一次详尽的文献调查，以评估控制甲状腺癌的机制，并指出它们目前可用的治疗方法和即将出现的新颖治疗方法。Pubmed，Scifinder和ClinicalTrials.gov分别被用作研究应用程序和注册表数据库。过去十年内发表的原始文章，评论和社论，以及该领域的开放式临床研究，