Drug delivery systems that are externally triggered to release drugs and/or target tissues hold considerable promise for improving the treatment of many diseases by minimizing nonspecific toxicity and enhancing the efficacy of therapy. These drug delivery systems are constructed from materials that are sensitive to a wide range of external stimuli, including light, ultrasound, electrical and magnetic fields, and specific molecules. The responsiveness conferred by these materials allows the release of therapeutics to be triggered on demand and remotely by a physician or patient. In this Review, we describe the rationales for such systems and the types of stimuli that can be deployed, and provide an outlook for the field.

中文翻译：

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外部触发和触发的药物递送靶向策略

外部触发释放药物和/或靶组织的药物递送系统通过最小化非特异性毒性和增强治疗功效，有望改善许多疾病的治疗。这些药物输送系统由对各种外部刺激敏感的材料构成，这些外部刺激包括光，超声，电场和磁场以及特定分子。这些材料赋予的响应能力允许按需触发治疗剂的释放，并由医生或患者远程触发。在本综述中，我们描述了此类系统的原理以及可以部署的刺激类型，并提供了该领域的前景。