Post-translational modifications (PTMs) allot versatility to the biological functions of highly conserved proteins. Recently, modifications to non-histone proteins such as methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, and many more have been linked to the regulation of pivotal pathways related to cellular response and stability. Due to the roles these dynamic modifications assume, their dysregulation has been associated with cancer and many other important diseases such as inflammatory disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. For this reason, we present a review and perspective on important post-translational modifications on non-histone proteins, with emphasis on their roles in diseases and small molecule inhibitors developed to target PTM writers. Certain PTMs’ contribution to epigenetics has been extensively expounded; yet more efforts will be needed to systematically dissect their roles on non-histone proteins, especially for their relationships with nononcological diseases. Finally, current research approaches for PTM study will be discussed and compared, including limitations and possible improvements.

中文翻译：

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询问非组蛋白蛋白质的翻译后修饰的作用

翻译后修饰（PTM）赋予了高度保守的蛋白质生物学功能多种功能。最近，对非组蛋白的修饰，如甲基化，乙酰化，磷酸化，糖基化，泛素化等，都与调节与细胞反应和稳定性有关的关键途径有关。由于这些动态修饰所承担的作用，它们的失调与癌症和许多其他重要疾病（如炎症性疾病和神经退行性疾病）有关。因此，我们对非组蛋白的重要翻译后修饰进行了综述和展望，重点介绍了它们在疾病中的作用以及针对PTM编写者开发的小分子抑制剂。某些PTM对表观遗传学的贡献已得到广泛阐述。然而，仍需要更多的努力来系统地分析它们在非组蛋白上的作用，尤其是它们与非肿瘤疾病的关系。最后，将讨论和比较当前PTM研究的研究方法，包括局限性和可能的​​改进。