After three decades of developments, single particle tracking (SPT) has become a powerful tool to interrogate dynamics in a range of materials including live cells and novel catalytic supports because of its ability to reveal dynamics in the structure–function relationships underlying the heterogeneous nature of such systems. In this review, we summarize the algorithms behind, and practical applications of, SPT. We first cover the theoretical background including particle identification, localization, and trajectory reconstruction. General instrumentation and recent developments to achieve two- and three-dimensional subdiffraction localization and SPT are discussed. We then highlight some applications of SPT to study various biological and synthetic materials systems. Finally, we provide our perspective regarding several directions for future advancements in the theory and application of SPT.

中文翻译：

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单粒子跟踪：从理论到生物物理应用

经过三十年的发展，单粒子跟踪（SPT）已成为研究各种材料（包括活细胞和新型催化载体）动力学的有力工具，因为它能够揭示结构异质性的结构-功能关系中的动力学。这样的系统。在这篇综述中，我们总结了SPT背后的算法和实际应用。我们首先介绍包括粒子识别，定位和轨迹重建在内的理论背景。讨论了通用仪器和实现二维和三维亚衍射定位和SPT的最新进展。然后，我们重点介绍SPT在研究各种生物和合成材料系统方面的一些应用。最后，