LOXL2 catalyzes the oxidative deamination of ε-amines of lysine and hydroxylysine residues within collagen and elastin, generating reactive aldehydes (allysine). Condensation with other allysines or lysines drives the formation of inter- and intramolecular cross-linkages, a process critical for the remodeling of the ECM. Dysregulation of this process can lead to fibrosis, and LOXL2 is known to be upregulated in fibrotic tissue. Small-molecules that directly inhibit LOXL2 catalytic activity represent a useful option for the treatment of fibrosis. Herein, we describe optimization of an initial hit 2, resulting in identification of racemic-trans-(3-((4-(aminomethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)phenyl)(3-fluoro-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone 28, a potent irreversible inhibitor of LOXL2 that is highly selective over LOX and other amine oxidases. Oral administration of 28 significantly reduced fibrosis in a 14-day mouse lung bleomycin model. The (R,R)-enantiomer 43 (PAT-1251) was selected as the clinical compound which has progressed into healthy volunteer Phase 1 trials, making it the “first-in-class” small-molecule LOXL2 inhibitor to enter clinical development.

中文翻译：

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鉴定4-（氨基甲基）-6-（三氟甲基）-2-（苯氧基）吡啶衍生物作为铜依赖性胺氧化酶，赖氨酰氧化酶样2（LOXL2）的有力，选择性和口服有效抑制剂

LOXL2催化胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白中赖氨酸和羟基赖氨酸残基的ε-胺的氧化脱氨反应，生成反应性醛（赖氨酸）。与其他赖氨酸或赖氨酸的缩合驱动分子间和分子内交联的形成，这是ECM重塑的关键过程。该过程的失调可导致纤维化，并且已知LOXL2在纤维化组织中被上调。直接抑制LOXL2催化活性的小分子代表了治疗纤维化的有用选择。在这里，我们描述了初始命中2的优化，导致了外消旋-反式-（3-（（4-（氨基甲基）-6-（三氟甲基）吡啶-2-基）氧基）苯基）（3-氟- 4-羟基吡咯烷-1-基）甲酮28，一种有效的LOXL2不可逆抑制剂，对LOX和其他胺氧化酶具有高度选择性。在14天的小鼠肺博来霉素模型中，口服28种可明显减少纤维化。选择（R，R）-对映异构体43（PAT-1251）作为已进入健康的自愿性1期临床试验的临床化合物，使其成为进入临床开发的“一流”小分子LOXL2抑制剂。