Conjugation of DNA to proteins is increasingly used in academia and industry to provide proteins with tags for identification or handles for hybridization to other DNA strands. Assay technologies such as immuno-PCR and proximity ligation and the imaging technology DNA-PAINT require DNA–protein conjugates. In DNA nanotechnology, the DNA handle is exploited to precisely position proteins by self-assembly. For these applications, site-selective conjugation is almost always desired because fully functional proteins are required to maintain the specificity of antibodies and the activity of enzymes. The introduction of a bioorthogonal handle at a specific position of a protein by recombinant techniques provides an excellent approach to site-specific conjugation, but for many laboratories and for applications where several proteins are to be labeled, the expression of recombinant proteins may be cumbersome. In recent years, a number of chemical methods that target conjugation to specific sites at native proteins have become available, and an overview of these methods is provided in this Account.

中文翻译：

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天然蛋白与DNA的位点选择性缀合

DNA与蛋白质的缀合在学术界和工业界越来越多地用于为蛋白质提供带有识别标签或与其他DNA链杂交的手柄。免疫PCR和邻近连接等检测技术以及DNA-PAINT成像技术需要DNA-蛋白质结合物。在DNA纳米技术中，利用DNA手柄通过自组装来精确定位蛋白质。对于这些应用，几乎总是需要定点结合，因为需要功能齐全的蛋白质来维持抗体的特异性和酶的活性。通过重组技术在蛋白质的特定位置引入生物正交手柄为位点特异性缀合提供了一种极好的方法，但是对于许多实验室以及需要对几种蛋白质进行标记的应用而言，重组蛋白的表达可能很麻烦。近年来，已经有许多针对结合到天然蛋白质特定位点的化学方法，并且在此帐户中提供了这些方法的概述。