The role of the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 in various organs, tissues, and cell types, specifically in intestinal endocrine L-cells and brown adipose tissue, has made it a promising therapeutical target in several diseases, especially type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, recent studies have shown deleterious on-target effects of systemic TGR5 agonists. To avoid these systemic effects while stimulating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreting enteroendocrine L-cells, we have designed TGR5 agonists with low intestinal permeability. In this article, we describe their synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation. Among them, compound 24 is a potent GLP-1 secretagogue, has low effect on gallbladder volume, and improves glucose homeostasis in a preclinical murine model of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, making the proof of concept of the potential of topical intestinal TGR5 agonists as therapeutic agents in type-2 diabetes.

中文翻译：

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G蛋白偶联的胆汁酸受体1的局部肠道氨基咪唑激动剂可促进胰高血糖素样肽1的分泌并改善葡萄糖耐量。

G蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体TGR5在各种器官，组织和细胞类型中的作用，特别是在肠内分泌L细胞和棕色脂肪组织中的作用，使其成为多种疾病尤其是2型疾病的有希望的治疗靶标糖尿病和代谢综合征。但是，最近的研究表明全身性TGR5激动剂具有有害的靶向作用。为了在刺激分泌胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）的肠内分泌L细胞时避免这些全身性作用，我们设计了具有低肠通透性的TGR5激动剂。在本文中，我们描述了它们的合成，表征和生物学评估。其中，化合物24 是一种有效的GLP-1促分泌剂，对胆囊体积影响不大，并且在饮食诱导的肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的临床前鼠模型中改善了葡萄糖的体内稳态，这证明了局部用肠TGR5激动剂作为治疗药物的潜力的概念证明。 2型糖尿病。