The seemingly simple reaction of Li–O₂ batteries involving lithium and oxygen makes this chemistry attractive for high-energy-density storage systems; however, achieving this reaction in practical rechargeable Li–O₂ batteries has proven difficult. The reaction paths leading to the final Li₂O₂ discharge products can be greatly affected by the operating conditions or environment, which often results in major side reactions. Recent research findings have begun to reveal how the reaction paths may be affected by the surrounding conditions and to uncover the factors contributing to the difficulty in achieving the reactions of lithium and oxygen. This progress report describes the current state of understanding of the electrode reaction mechanisms in Li–O₂ batteries; the factors that affect reaction pathways; and the effect of cell components such as solvents, salts, additives, and catalysts on the discharge product and its decomposition during charging. This comprehensive review of the recent progress in understanding the reaction chemistry of the Li–O₂ system will serve as guidelines for future research and aid in the development of reliable high-energy-density rechargeable Li–O₂ batteries.

中文翻译：

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可充电Li–O ₂电池中的反应化学

Li-O ₂电池中涉及锂和氧的看似简单的反应使这种化学方法对高能量密度的存储系统具有吸引力。然而，事实证明，在实用的Li-O ₂可充电电池中难以实现这种反应。导致最终Li ₂ O ₂的反应路径放电产物会受到操作条件或环境的极大影响，这通常会导致严重的副反应。最近的研究发现已开始揭示反应路径可能如何受到周围条件的影响，并揭示造成锂和氧反应困难的因素。该进展报告描述了对Li–O ₂电池中电极反应机理的理解的当前状态。影响反应途径的因素；以及电池成分（如溶剂，盐，添加剂和催化剂）对放电产物的影响及其在充电过程中的分解。本文对了解Li–O ₂反应化学的最新进展进行了全面回顾该系统将作为未来研究的指南，并有助于开发可靠的高能量密度可充电Li–O ₂电池。