Hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) are a series of permanent microporous polymer materials initially reported by Davankov, and have received an increasing level of research interest. In recent years, HCPs have experienced rapid growth due to their remarkable advantages such as diverse synthetic methods, easy functionalization, high surface area, low cost reagents and mild operating conditions. Judicious selection of monomers, appropriate length crosslinkers and optimized reaction conditions yielded a well-developed polymer framework with an adjusted porous topology. Post fabrication of the as developed network facilitates the incorporation of various chemical functionalities that may lead to interesting properties and enhance the selection toward a specific application. To date, numerous HCPs have been prepared by post-crosslinking polystyrene-based precursors, one-step self-polycondensation or external crosslinking strategies. The advent of these methodologies has prompted researchers to construct well-defined porous polymer networks with customized micromorphology and functionalities. In this review, we describe not only the basic synthetic principles and strategies of HCPs, but also the advancements in the structural and morphological study as well as the frontiers of potential applications in energy and environmental fields such as gas storage, carbon capture, removal of pollutants, molecular separation, catalysis, drug delivery, sensing etc.

中文翻译：

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超交联的多孔聚合物材料：设计，合成和应用

高交联聚合物（HCP）是Davankov最初报道的一系列永久性微孔聚合物材料，并且受到了越来越高的研究兴趣。近年来，HCP由于其非凡的优势（例如多种合成方法，易于官能化，高表面积，低成本的试剂和温和的操作条件）而经历了快速增长。对单体的明智选择，适当的长度交联剂和优化的反应条件产生了具有可调整的多孔拓扑的发达的聚合物骨架。发达网络的后期制造有助于整合各种化学功能，这些功能可能导致有趣的特性，并增强针对特定应用的选择。迄今为止，通过聚苯乙烯基前体的后交联，一步自缩聚或外部交联策略，已经制备了许多HCP。这些方法的出现促使研究人员构建了具有定制的微观形态和功能的定义明确的多孔聚合物网络。在这篇综述中，我们不仅描述了六氯环己烷的基本合成原理和策略，而且还描​​述了结构和形态研究的进展以及在能源和环境领域（如储气，碳捕集，除氢）的潜在应用领域。污染物，分子分离，催化，药物输送，传感 这些方法的出现促使研究人员构建了具有定制的微观形态和功能的定义明确的多孔聚合物网络。在这篇综述中，我们不仅描述了六氯环己烷的基本合成原理和策略，而且还描​​述了结构和形态研究的进展以及在能源和环境领域（如储气，碳捕集，除氢）的潜在应用领域。污染物，分子分离，催化，药物输送，传感 这些方法的出现促使研究人员构建了具有定制的微观形态和功能的定义明确的多孔聚合物网络。在这篇综述中，我们不仅描述了六氯环己烷的基本合成原理和策略，而且还描​​述了结构和形态研究的进展以及在能源和环境领域（如储气，碳捕集，除氢）的潜在应用领域。污染物，分子分离，催化，药物输送，传感ETC。