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Neandertal and Denisovan DNA from Pleistocene sediments
Science ( IF 56.9 ) Pub Date : 2017-04-27 , DOI: 10.1126/science.aam9695
Viviane Slon 1 , Charlotte Hopfe 1 , Clemens L. Weiß 2 , Fabrizio Mafessoni 1 , Marco de la Rasilla 3 , Carles Lalueza-Fox 4 , Antonio Rosas 5 , Marie Soressi 6, 7 , Monika V. Knul 8 , Rebecca Miller 9 , John R. Stewart 8 , Anatoly P. Derevianko 10, 11 , Zenobia Jacobs 12, 13 , Bo Li 12 , Richard G. Roberts 12, 13 , Michael V. Shunkov 10, 14 , Henry de Lumley 15, 16 , Christian Perrenoud 15, 17 , Ivan Gušić 18 , Željko Kućan 18 , Pavao Rudan 18 , Ayinuer Aximu-Petri 1 , Elena Essel 1 , Sarah Nagel 1 , Birgit Nickel 1 , Anna Schmidt 1 , Kay Prüfer 1 , Janet Kelso 1 , Hernán A. Burbano 2 , Svante Pääbo 1 , Matthias Meyer 1
Affiliation  

Tracing our ancestors in cave sediments Analysis of DNA from archaic hominids has illuminated human evolution. However, sites where thousand-year-old bones and other remains can be found are relatively rare. Slon et al. wanted to exploit any trace remains that our ancestors left behind. They looked for ancient DNA of hominids and other mammals in cave sediments, even those lacking skeletal remains. They identified mitochondrial DNA from Neandertal and Denisovan individuals in cave sediments at multiple sites. Science, this issue p. 605 DNA from archaic humans can be retrieved from Pleistocene sediments, even in the absence of their skeletal remains. Although a rich record of Pleistocene human-associated archaeological assemblages exists, the scarcity of hominin fossils often impedes the understanding of which hominins occupied a site. Using targeted enrichment of mitochondrial DNA, we show that cave sediments represent a rich source of ancient mammalian DNA that often includes traces of hominin DNA, even at sites and in layers where no hominin remains have been discovered. By automation-assisted screening of numerous sediment samples, we detected Neandertal DNA in eight archaeological layers from four caves in Eurasia. In Denisova Cave, we retrieved Denisovan DNA in a Middle Pleistocene layer near the bottom of the stratigraphy. Our work opens the possibility of detecting the presence of hominin groups at sites and in areas where no skeletal remains are found.

中文翻译:

来自更新世沉积物的尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人 DNA

在洞穴沉积物中追踪我们的祖先对古代原始人的 DNA 分析已经阐明了人类的进化。然而,能够发现千年骨骼和其他遗骸的地点相对较少。斯隆等人。想利用我们祖先留下的任何痕迹。他们在洞穴沉积物中寻找原始人和其他哺乳动物的古老 DNA,即使是那些缺乏骨骼遗骸的。他们在多个地点的洞穴沉积物中鉴定了尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人的线粒体 DNA。科学,这个问题 p。即使没有他们的骨骼遗骸,也可以从更新世沉积物中提取出来自古代人类的 605 DNA。尽管存在更新世人类相关考古组合的丰富记录,但人族化石的稀缺性常常妨碍了解哪些人族占据了一个地点。使用线粒体 DNA 的靶向富集,我们表明洞穴沉积物代表了古代哺乳动物 DNA 的丰富来源,其中通常包括古人类 DNA 的痕迹,即使在没有发现古人类遗骸的地点和层中也是如此。通过对大量沉积物样本的自动化辅助筛选,我们在欧亚大陆四个洞穴的八个考古层中检测到了尼安德特人的 DNA。在丹尼索瓦洞穴中,我们在地层底部附近的中更新世层中提取了丹尼索瓦人的 DNA。我们的工作开启了在没有发现骨骼遗骸的地点和地区检测古人类群体存在的可能性。即使在没有发现古人类遗骸的地点和地层。通过对大量沉积物样本的自动化辅助筛选,我们在欧亚大陆四个洞穴的八个考古层中检测到了尼安德特人的 DNA。在丹尼索瓦洞穴中,我们在地层底部附近的中更新世层中提取了丹尼索瓦人的 DNA。我们的工作开启了在没有发现骨骼遗骸的地点和地区检测古人类群体存在的可能性。即使在没有发现古人类遗骸的地点和地层。通过对大量沉积物样本的自动化辅助筛选,我们在欧亚大陆四个洞穴的八个考古层中检测到了尼安德特人的 DNA。在丹尼索瓦洞穴中,我们在地层底部附近的中更新世层中提取了丹尼索瓦人的 DNA。我们的工作开启了在没有发现骨骼遗骸的地点和地区检测古人类群体存在的可能性。
更新日期:2017-04-27
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