The treatment of malignant bone tumors is a significant clinical challenge because it requires the simultaneous removal of tumor tissues and regeneration of bone defects, and bifunctional three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds that function in both tumor therapy and tissue regeneration are expected to address this need. In this study, novel bifunctional scaffolds (MS-AKT scaffolds) were successfully fabricated by combining a 3D printing technique with a hydrothermal method. During the hydrothermal process, MoS₂ nanosheets were grown in situ on the strut surface of bioceramic scaffolds, endowing them with photothermal therapeutic potential. Under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the temperature of the MS-AKT scaffolds rapidly increased and was effectively modulated by varying the MoS₂ content, scaffold sizes and laser power densities. The photothermal temperature significantly decreased the viability of osteosarcoma cells and breast cancer cells and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, the MS-AKT scaffolds supported the attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells and induced bone regeneration in vivo. This bifunctional scaffold, which treats the tumor and facilitates bone growth, offers a promising clinical strategy to treat tumor-induced bone defects. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the feasibility of localized tumor therapy and tissue regeneration in diverse tissue engineering applications using multifunctional biomaterials.

恶性骨肿瘤的治疗是一项重大的临床挑战，因为它需要同时切除肿瘤组织和再生骨缺损，并且在肿瘤治疗和组织再生中均起作用的双功能三维（3D）支架有望解决这一需求。在这项研究中，通过将3D打印技术与水热法相结合，成功地制造了新型双功能支架（MS-AKT支架）。在水热过程中，MoS ₂纳米片在生物陶瓷支架的支撑表面上原位生长，赋予它们光热治疗的潜力。在近红外（NIR）辐射下，MS-AKT支架的温度迅速升高，并通过改变MoS进行有效调节₂含量，支架尺寸和激光功率密度。光热温度显着降低了骨肉瘤细胞和乳腺癌细胞的活力，并抑制了体内肿瘤的生长。此外，MS-AKT支架支持骨间充质干细胞的附着，增殖和成骨分化，并在体内诱导骨再生。这种双功能支架可治疗肿瘤并促进骨骼生长，为治疗肿瘤引起的骨缺损提供了有希望的临床策略。这项概念验证研究证明了使用多功能生物材料在各种组织工程应用中进行局部肿瘤治疗和组织再生的可行性。