Solution-processed organic films are a facile route to high-speed, low cost, large-area deposition of electrically functional components (transistors, solar cells, emitters, etc.) that can enable a diversity of emerging technologies, from Industry 4.0, to the Internet of things, to point-of-use heath care and elder care. The extreme sensitivity of the functional performance of organic films to structure and the general nonequilibrium nature of solution drying result in extreme processing–performance correlations. In this Review, we highlight insights into the fundamentals of solution-based film deposition afforded by recent state-of-the-art in situ measurements of functional film drying. Emphasis is placed on multimodal studies that combine surface-sensitive X-ray scattering (GIWAXS or GISAXS) with optical characterization to clearly define the evolution of solute structure (aggregation, crystallinity, and morphology) with film thickness.

中文翻译：

---

溶液加工的功能性有机共混膜的形态学发展：原位观点

溶液处理的有机膜是通往高速，低成本，大面积沉积电功能组件（晶体管，太阳能电池，发射极等）的便捷途径，可以实现从工业4.0到工业应用的多种新兴技术。物联网，以至使用点健康护理和老年护理。有机膜功能性能对结构的极端敏感性以及溶液干燥的一般非平衡性质导致极端的加工性能关系。在这篇评论中，我们重点介绍了功能性薄膜干燥的最新技术，从而提供了基于溶液的薄膜沉积原理的见解。