MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that act as pivotal post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, thus involving in many fundamental cellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration, and canceration. The detection of miRNAs has attracted significant interest, as abnormal miRNA expression is identified to contribute to serious human diseases such as cancers. Particularly, miRNAs in peripheral blood have recently been recognized as important biomarkers potential for liquid biopsy. Furthermore, as miRNAs are expressed heterogeneously in different cells, investigations into single-cell miRNA expression will be of great value for resolving miRNA-mediated regulatory circuits and the complexity and heterogeneity of miRNA-related diseases. Thus, the development of miRNA detection methods, especially for complex clinic samples and single cells is in great demand. In this Account, we will present recent progress in the design and application of isothermal amplification enabling miRNA detection transition from the test tube to the clinical sample and single cell, which will significantly advance our knowledge of miRNA functions and disease associations, as well as its translation in clinical diagnostics.

中文翻译：

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用于MicroRNA检测的等温扩增：从试管到细胞

微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码RNA，它们充当基因表达的关键转录后调节因子，因此涉及许多基本的细胞过程，例如细胞增殖，迁移和癌变。由于已确定异常的miRNA表达会导致严重的人类疾病（如癌症），因此miRNA的检测引起了人们的极大兴趣。特别是，最近人们已将外周血中的miRNAs视为进行液体活检的重要生物标志物。此外，由于miRNA在不同细胞中异质表达，对单细胞miRNA表达的研究对于解决miRNA介导的调控电路以及与miRNA相关的疾病的复杂性和异质性具有重要价值。因此，miRNA检测方法的发展，尤其是对于复杂的临床样本和单个细胞，需求量很大。在此报告中，我们将介绍等温扩增的设计和应用的最新进展，以使miRNA检测从试管过渡到临床样品和单细胞，这将大大提高我们对miRNA功能和疾病关联及其知识的了解。在临床诊断中进行翻译。