Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a category of porous materials that offer unparalleled control over their surface areas (demonstrated as higher than for any other material), pore characteristics, and functionalization. This allows them to be customized for exceptional performance in a wide variety of applications, most commonly including gas storage and separation, drug delivery, luminescence, or heterogeneous catalysis. In order to optimize biomimicry, controlled separations and storage of small molecules, and detailed testing of structure–property relationships, one major goal of MOF research is “rational design” or “pore engineering”, or precise control of the placement of multiple functional groups in pores of chosen sizes and shapes. MOF crystal growth can be controlled through judicious design of stepwise synthetic routes, which can also allow functionalization of MOFs in ways that were previously synthetically inaccessible. Organic chemists have developed a library of powerful techniques over the last century, allowing the total synthesis and detailed customization of complex molecules.

中文翻译：

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金属有机骨架的逐步合成

金属有机骨架（MOF）是一类多孔材料，可对其表面积（证明比其他任何材料都要高），孔特性和功能性提供无与伦比的控制。这使它们能够针对各种应用中的优异性能进行定制，其中最常见的应用包括气体存储和分离，药物输送，发光或非均相催化。为了优化仿生学，控制小分子的分离和存储以及结构与性质之间关系的详细测试，MOF研究的一个主要目标是“合理设计”或“孔工程”，或者精确控制多个官能团的位置在选定大小和形状的毛孔中。MOF晶体的生长可以通过合理设计逐步合成途径来控制，这也可以允许MOF以以前无法综合使用的方式进行功能化。上个世纪，有机化学家开发了强大的技术库，可以对复杂分子进行全面合成和详细定制。