The biomolecule is among the most important building blocks of biological systems, and a full understanding of its function forms the scaffold for describing the mechanisms of higher order structures as organelles and cells. Force is a fundamental regulatory mechanism of biomolecular interactions driving many cellular processes. The forces on a molecular scale are exactly in the range that can be manipulated and probed with single molecule force spectroscopy. The natural environment of a biomolecule is inside a living cell, hence, this is the most relevant environment for probing their function. In vivo studies are, however, challenged by the complexity of the cell. In this review, we start with presenting relevant theoretical tools for analyzing single molecule data obtained in intracellular environments followed by a description of state-of-the art visualization techniques. The most commonly used force spectroscopy techniques, namely optical tweezers, magnetic tweezers, and atomic force microscopy, are described in detail, and their strength and limitations related to in vivo experiments are discussed. Finally, recent exciting discoveries within the field of in vivo manipulation and dynamics of single molecule and organelles are reviewed.

中文翻译：

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活细胞中细胞器和单分子的操纵和运动

生物分子是生物系统最重要的组成部分之一，对其功能的充分理解构成了描述高阶结构（如细胞器和细胞）机制的支架。力是驱动许多细胞过程的生物分子相互作用的基本调节机制。分子尺度上的力恰好在可以用单分子力谱法进行操纵和探测的范围内。生物分子的自然环境在活细胞内部，因此，这是探索其功能最相关的环境。然而，体内研究受到细胞复杂性的挑战。在这篇评论中，我们首先介绍用于分析在细胞内环境中获得的单分子数据的相关理论工具，然后介绍最先进的可视化技术。详细介绍了最常用的力谱技术，即光学镊子，磁性镊子和原子力显微镜，并讨论了它们的强度和与体内实验有关的局限性。最后，综述了体内操纵以及单分子和细胞器动力学领域中的最新令人兴奋的发现。