Inflammation plays a major role in the induction and progression of several skin diseases. Overexpression of the major epidermal proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1 alpha (IL‐1α) and 1 beta (IL‐1β) is positively correlated with symptom exacerbation and disease progression in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, neutrophilic dermatoses, skin phototoxicity, and skin cancer. IL‐1β and the interleukin‐1 receptor I (IL‐1RI) have been used as a therapeutic target for some autoinflammatory skin diseases; yet, their system‐wide effects limit their clinical usage. Based on the local effects of extracellular IL‐1α and its precursor, pro‐IL‐1α, we hypothesize that this isoform is a promising drug target for the treatment and prevention of many skin diseases. This review provides an overview on IL‐1α and IL‐β functions, and their contribution to inflammatory and malignant skin diseases. We also discuss the current treatment regimens, and ongoing clinical trials, demonstrating the potential of targeting IL‐1α, and not IL‐1β, as a more effective strategy to prevent or treat the onset and progression of various skin diseases.

中文翻译：

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白细胞介素-1在炎性和恶性人类皮肤病中的作用以及针对白细胞介素-1 Alpha的原理

炎症在几种皮肤疾病的诱发和发展中起主要作用。主要的表皮促炎细胞因子白细胞介素（IL）1 alpha（IL-1α）和1 beta（IL-1β）的过度表达与牛皮癣，特应性皮炎，嗜中性皮肤病，皮肤光毒性和皮肤癌的症状加重和疾病进展呈正相关。IL-1β和白介素-1受体I（IL-1RI）已被用作某些自发性皮肤疾病的治疗靶点；然而，它们对整个系统的影响限制了它们的临床应用。基于细胞外IL-1α及其前体pro-1IL-1α的局部作用，我们推测该同种型是治疗和预防多种皮肤疾病的有希望的药物靶标。这篇综述概述了IL-1α和IL-β的功能，及其对炎性和恶性皮肤病的贡献。我们还讨论了当前的治疗方案和正在进行的临床试验，证明了靶向IL-1α（而非IL-1β）作为预防或治疗各种皮肤病发作和发展的更有效策略的潜力。